exh-cli-cmd-md

this is a cataloging of commands and shortcuts i have found useful along my coding journey
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ctrl + f to search for the cli term you are looking for (annotated w/ keywords and descriptions)
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search using the roman numeral indexed legend for system or technology lookup
Index Technology System
I Visual Studio Code IDE
II Visual Studio IDE
III Bash Terminal
IV Powershell Terminal
V Command Prompt Terminal
VI Oh My Zsh! Terminal
VII Node Framework
VIII .Net Framework
IX CSS Framework
X Ubuntu Operating System
XI Windows Operating System
XII SQL DB
XIII Cron Misc.
XIV Postman Misc.
XV Tree Misc.
XVI Git Misc.

:: IDE ::

I. VSCode

command palette

ctrl + shift + p

enable psehll integrated terminal enhancements (preferences settings json)

"terminal.integrated.suggest.enabled": true

ScreenCast Mode (great for presentations)

ctrl + shift + p
// type "screencast"
// select Developer Toggle Screencast Mode

Clear command suggestions for integrated terminal (for powershell can reduce time to activate shell from ~600ms -> ~50ms

ctrl + shift + p
Terminal: Clear Suggest Cache

open file "side by side" (in new panel)

ctrl + \

open file in second panel

ctrl + enter

focus file explorer panel

ctrl + 0 // <<-- 1, 2, 3 etc.. == panels

search file explorer

ctrl + p

focus terminal

ctrl + `

focus source control view

ctrl + shift + g

check for changed settings

ctrl + shift + p // cmd palette
// search by "@modified"
// this will filter only settings
// you have made changes to

inside terminal to do "reverse lookup history" (commands entered)

ctrl + r

open/close sidebar

ctrl + b

goto/go to definition

fn + f12 // or ctrl + left click

goto/go to references

shift + fn + f12

select current line

ctrl + l

open markdown preview

ctrl + shift + v

Side by side Markdown edit and preview

ctrl + k, v # ctrl + k, then release, press v

change coding language (inside text editor)

ctrl + k, m # release ctrl + k, then press m

copy file relative path

ctrl + k, ctrl + shift + c

go to line #

ctrl + shift + p
:# 
// backspace the > then :number

navigate history (tabs?)

ctrl + tab
alt + left # navigate back
alt + right # navigate forward

navigate to specific line

ctrl + g

add additional cursors to all occurrences

ctrl + shift + l

replace all occurrences in the open file

ctrl + h

ctrl + K + M –> “change language mode” –> JSON to format JSON stringified object grabbed from browser

JavaScript Console Debugging

console.log({object}) /* will print as console.log("object:": { ... }); */  
  
console.dir(object, {depth: null}) /* will print all of the data rather than compared to console.log which only returns top level, not nested data */

II. Visual Studio

run application

ctrl + fn + f5 # <<-- default run
fn + f5 # <<-- debug run (slower)

build project

ctrl + shift + b

open breakpoints window

ctrl + alt + b

open terminal (View.Terminal) shortcut added

ctrl + shift + t

quick launch

ctrl + q # search commands keywords e.g: "new"

extract code snippet to new Method

// highlight target code
ctrl + r, ctrl + m
// this will move the highlighted code to a new method with this signature:

// private void NewMethod()
// the targeted code will be the body of this new method

multiline comment

shift + alt + a # multi line /* */

ctrl + k, ctrl + / # single line (can be multi) //

ctrl + k, ctrl + c # alternate single line comment
ctrl + k, ctrl + u # uncomment

see all references

alt + 2 // <<-- shows where used

<summary></summary> C#Docs

/// <-- will auto populate this...
/// <summary>
/// Comment goes here
/// </summary>

// e.g.
/// <summary>
/// Comment goes here
/// </summary>
///

Create

create a new file in project

shift + fn + f2 # with Add New File extension
---
ctrl + shift + a
ctrl + n # alternate option
ctrl + shift + n # new project

create new Class in project (custom) (j === insert)

ctrl + shift + j, c // release then press c

create new Interface in project (custom) (j === insert)

ctrl + shift + j, i // release then press i

link proj dependencies, link proj as reference

cd \IntoProj
dotnet add reference ..\ParentProj\Proj.csproj
// find the .csproj level to link
// requires dotnet sln command to be complete..

link VS solution files dotnet sln

cd .. // cd to root or whatever .sln level you want to link to
dotnet sln add YourProj\WithSolution.csproj

format

ctrl + k, ctrl + d # formats entire DOCUMENT (d = doc)
ctrl + k, ctrl + f # formats selection (f = format)

focus text editor

esc # literally, just hit escape once...

navigate tabs | close tabs

ctrl + tab # next tab
ctrl + shift + tab # prev tab
ctrl + fn + f4 # close active tab
alt + w + l # close all tabs

navigate to solution explorer

ctrl + alt + l # ctrl + tab navigate tabs here too
ctrl + ; # to solution explorer w/ search bar

go to line start

fn + k # k === "home"
ctrl + / + leftArrow # Edit.LineStart

go to line end

fn + , # , === "end"
ctrl + / + rightArrow # Edit.LineEnd

go to Class(?)

ctrl + click // highlighted class

search file name

ctrl + ; # type name of file to find

Go To

ctrl + g # go to line
fn + f12 # go to definition
ctrl + fn + f12 # go to declaration
ctrl + d # go to next (highlighted selection)

Go To All (NICE)

ctrl + t # backspace to clear out "symbol"

navigate back to prev window

ctrl + -

find closing brace

ctrl + ]

open toolbox

ctrl + alt + x

multi cursor edit (also in Edit menu)

ctrl + alt + click // add 2nd caret
ctrl + alt + dbl-click // add 2nd word selection
ctrl + alt + click + drag // add 2nd selection
shift + alt + . // add next matching text
shift + alt + ; // add all matching text
shift + alt + , // rm last selected occurence
shift + alt + / // skip next matching occurence
alt + click // add a box selection
esc OR click // clear all selections

add cursor above/below

ctrl + alt + upArrow
ctrl + alt + downArrow

collapse/expand code blocks

ctrl + m, ctrl + m

replace

ctrl + h

replace all occurrences

alt + a # once you have entered what you would like to sub

delete to...

ctrl + delete # delete to start of word
ctrl + backspace # delete to end of word

save all

ctrl + shift + s

view in browser

ctrl + shift + w

bookmark (a keyboard chord is multiple shortcuts in a row)

ctrl + k, ctrl + k

next split pane

fn + f6

collapse markup element (html)

ctrl + m, ctrl + m

Debugger:

add breakpoint (highlight line first)

fn + f9 # <<-- press again to remove

continue to next breakpoint (inside debugger)

fn + fn5

step over (inside debugger)

fn + f10

step into method (inside debugger)

fn + f11

step out of method (if accidentally stepped in)

shift + fn + fn11

exit debugger

ctrl + shift + fn + f5

replace (find and replace)

ctrl + h

rename all properties

ctrl + r, ctrl + r

solution explorer (folder explorer)

ctrl + alt + l

copyLinesDown (without VSCode extra mappings

ctrl + d

alternate copyLinesDown option

# without any selection
ctrl + e
ctrl + v
alt + up/down # <<-- to move

extensions with .user will not get checked-in

httpenv.json.user

auto fix suggestions

alt + enter

open Test Explorer

ctrl + e, t

run tests

ctrl + r, t // runs selectred
ctrl + r, a // runs all tests
ctrl + r, l // "repeat last run"

Refactor

extract method

ctrl + r, ctrl + m

Object Browser

ctrl + alt + j

Code Snippets (inside VS)

populate snippets from context menu

ctrl + k, ctrl + x
# for example, surround With or e.g. Wrap {} w/ braces

Unity in VS

view Unity Project Explorer

alt + shift + e
// filters sln/proj to unity files

:: TERMINAL ::

III. Bash

following are bash specific

Explorer Windows File System (so helpful connecting sub-system partition to main OS) open windows file explorer GUI for WSL

explorer.exe .
How to echo or cat write to a file with Bash:
cat >> /path/to/existingFile.text<< EOF
some text line 1
some text line 2
some text line 3
EOF

switch cat >> to cat > to create a file instead of append

cat > /path/to/newFile.text<< EOF
some text line 1
some text line 2
some text line 3
EOF

(( expression )) <– this will execute/perform an expression

print BASH env

printenv

echo variables (example how to access vars in BASH)

echo $LANG # <-- LANG env var (bash)

$RANDOM in BASH will create a random number

echo $RANDOM # <-- 22024 : between 0 and 32767

I=0 # <-- passing this in the terminal will persist a var
(( I++ )) # <-- I will now become 1 and persist
# we don't need to prepend $ for vars in (( expression ))

this will print expressions for (( expression )) operations

help let
View file "long" with permissions list
ls -l

-rw-r--r-- in front of the file indicates the permissions: r = read, w = write, x = execute output: -rwxr-xr-x <– see x by 3 different “users” (all users can execute now)

Give executable permissions to a file
chmod +x filename.whatever

man command is “manual” (like help)

man bash # <-- prints manual for bash
man sleep # <-- prints manual for sleep (binary)

-e flag needed for special characters

echo -e "\n~~ Countdown Timer ~~\n"

lists root of the file system

ls /

ls /bin will list all binaries on the file system. Bash lives here: #!/bin/bash which will use bash commands. we can access other binaries or libraries here

lists bash commands

help

things we can pass to the bash TEST command (for testing true/false (for ifs or [[ EXPRESSIONS ]]))

help test

( expression ) # <-- evaluates expression/returns value

help [[ expression ]] # <-- output below

  ( EXPRESSION )    Returns the value of EXPRESSION
  ! EXPRESSION              True if EXPRESSION is false; else false
  EXPR1 && EXPR2    True if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false
  EXPR1 || EXPR2    True if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false

When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of
the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.
When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator
is matched as a regular expression.

The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to
determine the expression's value.

Exit Status:
Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to
false or an invalid argument is given.

we can evaluate any expression in the BASH terminal or .sh script:

[[ 4 -le 5 ]] # <-- `-le` === less-than-or-equal

echo $?

echo $? # <-- prints last bash command's EXIT STATUS
0 # <-- 0 === true (0 === no errors)

[[ 4 -ge 5 ]]
echo $?
1 # <-- 1 === false (> 0 === contains errors | "false")

[[ 4 -ge 5 ]]; echo $? # <-- run multiple comands on single line with `;`
1 # <-- output

we can think of 0 return as TRUE but it actually means command had 0 errors (EXIT STATUS)

check if a file exists (and output EXIT STATUS) -a | -e THIS WILL CHECK THE FOLDER FROM WHERE THE COMMAND WAS ENTERED

[[ -a countdown.sh  ]]; echo $?
0 # <-- output 0 if file exists

to list all variables in BASH

declare -p

all variables: @ | *

ARR=("a" "b" "c")
echo ${ARR[@]}

declare -p ARR
# --> declare -a ARR=([0]="a" [1]="b" [2]="c")
# --> -a === array

Read (capture user INPUT)

capture user input

read

Return IP address of Windows Machine as seen from WSL VM

ip route show | grep -i default | awk '{ print $3}'

Debugging in Bash

set -x at the top of a script enables debugging (printing executed commands to the terminal)

#!/bin/bash

set -x

# Your script goes here

IV. Powershell

get current path

(Get-Item .).FullName

pipe to clipboard

(Get-Item .).FullName | Set-Clipboard

run cmd prompt in pshell

cmd  // starts cmd prompt in window
exit // returns to pshell in window

run "external commands" like .bat or .cmd, executables (.exe) or non-native cmdlets and command-line tools (like in your PATH or full pathed)...

& call operator

& notepad.exe
& calc.exe

& "C:\Path\To\SomeExecutable.exe"

run single cmd prompt command in pshell

cmd /c <command>
// e.g.
cmd /c dir // like ls
cmd /c set # displays your system env
cmd /c set > file_name.txt // like cat

list all running processes w/ binary program names

netstat -ba # will require elevated perm
netstat -ban # this will also show IPs

get powershell version

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion

open persistent PS profile file will create new $PROFILE if not exists

code $PROFILE.AllUsersAllHosts

put this inside your $PROFILE.ps1 opens specified dir on shell launch

Set-Location C:\Users\User\Dev

to Set-Alias that takes params

function ListAll { # script block/fn
    Get-ChildItem -Force
}

Set-Alias ls-a ListAll # create Alias/invoke
# Set-Alias -Name list -Value cmdlet/fn
# this above syntax only works for no params

create a symbolic link shortcut to path

New-Item -itemtype symboliclink -Path "PathWhereYouWantToPutShortcut" -name "NameOfShortcut" -value "PathOfWhatYourTryingToLinkTo"

start transcript of entire session to local file

Start-Transcript
Stop-Transcript # stop when done

find windows IPs

ipconfig

find WSL IPs

wsl hostname -i
wsl hostname -I

Rename directory (like bash mv)

Rename-Item "D:\temp\Test Test1"

open Visual Studio IDE latest version

start devenv

open Visual Studio IDE specific solution (folder or file)

start devenv solution1.sln # file extension? solution?
# because I have multiple VS installed on my machine, i need to include the entier absolute path to the executable in order to run from CLI

open current folder in windows explorer

ii . # <<-- alias Invoke-item

create a new file

New-Item example.txt
ni example.txt -type file

append to file

"content to add" | add-content -path .\README.md
# OR
"content to add" >> .\README.md

overwrite file contents

"overwrite stuff" > .\README.md

string literals vs evaluation

'Hello $ man' # doesn't evaluate special characters or anything
"../blob/$Version" # $Version is evaluated as a variable expression

delete recursive rm -rf

Remove-Item -Recurse -Force <path>

move item(s)

Move-Item -Path .\whatever\files -Destination .\destination -force

copy item(s) -recurse if folder

Copy-Item -Path .\the\files -Recurse -Destination .\the\destination -force

return the IP addr of the WSL (linux distro) VM

wsl hostname -I

V. Command Prompt

display directory contents

dir // <<-- windows/cmd version of `ls`

display system env

set

write env to file

set > file_name.txt

pipe to clipboard

// ... | clip
where pip3 | clip

initiate reboot ("windows terminal")

shutdown /r /t 0
(this might only work in windows terminal)

VI. Oh My ZSH!

runs zsh powerlvl10k setup (prompt styling)

p10k configure

:: FRAMEWORKS ::

VII. Node

find all running node processes

ps -ef | grep node

find node process by port

lsof -i :3000

kill process

kill -9 PROCESS_ID

VIII. .Net

restore nuget packages

dotnet restore

run C# program.cs (entry point)

dotnet run

create new console app .NET

dotnet new console -o ./CsharpProjects/TestProject
# pass `--use-program-main` for Program Class template

push package to nuget.org

dotnet nuget push <.\path\to\packed.1.0.0.nupkg> --api-key <abcdef12345> --source https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json

(VSCODE) generate assets for build and debug

ctrl + shift + p // cmd pallette
// enter ".net: g"
// select ".NET: Generate Assets for Build and Debug"

CSS Caching with ASP.NET

<!-- tick disable browser cache in browser dev tools... and/or... -->
<!-- in html markup (razor or w/e framework working w/ .NET)... -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/site.css" asp-append-version="true">
<!-- asp-append-version="true" will append a new version ID to the css file that is compiled down... -->
 <!-- ...this ensures proper caching on changes to source -->

IX. CSS

copy css class declarations from web browser

/* When inspecting and adjusting CSS in browser dev tools... */
/* ...highlight all class declarations you made... */
/* ...right click and select "copy all declarations" */

:: Operating System ::

IX. Ubuntu

check Ubuntu version

lsb_release -a

search for software to install <application>

sudo apt search <audacity>

install from cli

sudo apt install audacity

killall <-- terminates process

killall <snap-store>

X. Windows

turn on/off windows features

Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features > Turn Windows featrures on or off

telnet "allows connecting to other computers remotely"

// In "Turn Windows features on or off"
// ... check the Telnet box
[x] Telnet

Use Telnet to check the port

telnet <address> <port_number>
telnet google.com 80

dumbest windows shortcut ever switch entire windows dekstop

ctrl + win + right // next (new)
ctrl + win + left // prev (all old)

inside file explorer:

ctrl + l   // focus address bar
cmd        // enter cmd to open cmd in this location
powershell // open powershell in this location

anywhere, but useful inside file explorer more options include copy path, open powershell here, open linux shell here

shift + right-click // opens menu with more options

:: Databases ::

MS SQL Server

FIND COLUMNT in DB

SELECT * FROM information_schema.columns WHERE column_name = 'My_Column'

SELF REFERENCING TABLE

SELECT a.something, b.other
FROM mytable a, mytable b
WHERE a.sometest val ...
AND b.othertest val...

WHEN to clean up CURSOR

IF CURSOR_STATUS('local', 'X') >= -1
BEGIN
    CLOSE X;
    DEALLOCATE X
END;

list all schemas in DB

SELECT name FROM sys.schemas
-- dbo -> [dbo].table
-- lu  -> [lu].table
-- etc

SSMS

fix SSMS won't see new objects/tables

Edit > Intellisense > Refresh Local Cache
OR
ctrl + shift + r

:: Misc. ::

XI. Cron

For Ubuntu/Debian, you can find cronlogs at:

/var/log/syslog

XII. Postman

variables created/stored in "Environments" in postman can be passed into fields using 

Client ID: 
Client Secret: 

grep nri // <--

To get a list of all listening TCP ports using lsof

sudo lsof -nP -iTCP -sTCP:LISTEN

using ss tool (formerly netstat) to list all open ports

ss -tulpn

XII. Tree

tree [OPTIONS] [directory] (“.” might not be necessary) List folder structure only directories from current directory

tree -d .

List folder structure only directors at depth 1

tree -d -L 1 .

List folder structure and all hidden files

tree -a .

XIV. Git

tagging commits, usually for release

git tag -l # the -l (list) flag is opt
# lists all current tags
git tag v1.0.0 2261e84e
# tags a commit by sha
git tag v1.0.1
# tags your current commit
git tag -a v1.0.2 -m "annotate this tag"
# -a flag for annotate -m for message

git show v1.0.0
# this will show associated commit

git log --pretty=oneline
# shows all commits pretty

git push origin --tags
# this will push all tags that aren't already on the remote up

using the git stash stack

git stash # puts all workind dir changes on top of stash stack
git stash apply # brings back that level of the stack into working dir (un staged)
git stash pop # same as apply except "pops" that level off the stack (dropping it)
git stash drop # removes the top level of the stack
git stash list # shows the entire stack, the newest is always the lowest number

git stash -u # same as git stash --include-untracked
# will include more than just modified and staged
git stash --all # similar to -u ?

git stash --patch # stash hunk at a time

git status

git status -s # short output

if you have changes on your remote that you didn't mean to track: add dir and/or files to .gitignore then use this command to remove from the index (the actual location in <baseOfRepo>/.git/index which is your staging area)

git rm --cached put/here/your/file.ext # for files
git rm --cached folder/\* # for directory of files
# append --dry-run # to see what will happen w/o executing
git push ... # to update removal and untrack to remote

CAUTION: i have only used this on auto-generated files, so i safely know they will be recreated locally upon deletion... proceed with caution by backing up files if this is not the case for you...

bring committed changes back to working directory (e.g. for committed files you want to stash that have not been pushed

git reset HEAD~1 --soft

probably best reset option. discard 2 of 3 git areas

git reset --mixed
# discards commit and staged changes (in the git index) but KEEPS changes in your working dir (files in IDE)

show remote repo branches state compared with local branches

# git remote show <remote alias>
git remote show origin

git add --patch "hunks"

git add -p # shows hunks diff in CLI

tool for giff from all commits on current branch

gitk --all

switch to FILE and discard changes (destructive)

git restore

move between branches (replaces checkout) doesn't discard changes

git switch # only takes branch as arg
# checkout is for switching tags and commits

Rebase

how to proceed in interactive rebase

# git rebase -i or something
# once you decide the strategy for rebasing (specific files squash, pick, reword, etc)
# then how to continue after handling merge conflicts and whatnot
git add README.txt && git rebase --continue